Extended Essay Research Proposal Sample

Extended Essay Research Proposal SampleIf you have written a thesis paper and now want to write an extended essay or dissertation, you can use the Research Proposal Sample of the extended essay research proposal. If you have been searching for a good material for your proposal, you may be able to find this sample online.The extended essay research proposal sample can help you be creative and very thought provoking as you create your own version of your proposal. You will be able to see a better outline of what you want your proposal to look like when you use this material.The student will be able to learn more about writing a persuasive essay in order to convince your reader. This can be a very long and difficult process, so it is important that the student learns how to do this before they are forced to make the paper. The student will also learn about how to ask good questions as well as learning how to answer them in a creative way.The persuasive essay can be a great tool for thos e who want to write a persuasive essay. This may be used in order to turn a different view on their research subject. It can also be used to learn more about how to write persuasive essays and also to know what kind of papers are accepted in these types of exams.The persuasive essay can be turned into a persuasive paper if the essay is well researched and written. The persuasive essay can also be used as a guide in the writing process. If the student uses the persuasive essay as a tool to make changes, it can also be used as a weapon against your peers.By using this persuasive essay, the student will be able to learn the tactics needed in order to be able to write a persuasive essay and it can be used as a tool to win an exam. By having the resource of the extended essay research proposal sample, the student will be able to learn to persuade others and may be able to be well rounded. When the student is well rounded they can become very creative and good writers.The persuasive essay can be written by an individual who wants to win a thesis and can also be used by the individual who wants to make a paper that persuades. If you want to use this type of paper for your project, then you will want to make sure that you are using the techniques in the essay research proposal sample.The persuasive essay is a great technique to help with your writing and can also be used in order to make a persuasive essay that will persuade the reader to take another look at the research that you have done. This essay is not hard to learn and the student can learn some techniques of writing a persuasive essay by using the research proposal sample.

Hyperkalemia or High Potassium

Hyperkalemia or High Potassium Hyperkalemia breaks down to mean  hyper-  high;  kalium, potassium;  -emia, in the blood or high potassium in the blood. Potassium in the bloodstream is the K ion, not potassium metal, so this illness is one type of electrolyte imbalance. The normal concentration of the potassium ion in blood is 3.5 to 5.3 mmol or milliequivalents  per  liter  (mEq/L). Concentrations of 5.5 mmol and higher describe hyperkalemia. The opposite condition, low blood potassium levels, is termed hypokalemia. Mild hyperkalemia typically isnt identified except through a blood test, but extreme hyperkalemia is a medical emergency that can result in death, usually from heart arrhythmia. Hyperkalemia Symptoms The symptoms of elevated potassium are not specific to the condition. Mainly the effects are on the circulatory and nervous system. They include: weaknessmalaiseheart palpitationshyperventilation Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia results when too much potassium is taken into the body, when cells massively release potassium into the bloodstream, or when the kidneys cant properly excrete potassium. There are numerous causes of hyperkalemia, including: kidney diseasediabetes (leading to nephropathy)medications that affect urination (NSAIDS, diuretics, antibiotics, etc.)diseases associated with a mineralocorticoid deficiencymassive blood transfusionany major tissue damage, whether it be from injury (burns, serious wounds) or medical treatment (notably chemotherapy)excessive dietary intake of potassium-rich foods (e.g., salt substitute, bananas)intentional hyperkalemia as the last step of lethal injection, to disrupt and stop the heart Not that its highly unusual for a person with ordinary kidney function to overdose on potassium from foods. Excess potassium resolves itself if the kidneys are able to process an overload. If the kidneys are damaged, hyperkalemia becomes an ongoing concern. Preventing Hyperkalemia In some cases, its possible to prevent potassium buildup by limiting dietary intake of potassium-rich foods, taking diuretics, or ending a medication that causes a problem. Hyperkalemia Treatment Treatment depends on the cause and severity of hyperkalemia. In a medical emergency, the goal is to shift the potassium ion from the bloodstream into cells. Injecting insulin or salbutamol temporarily lowers serum potassium levels.

Definition and Examples of Modifiers in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Modifiers in English Grammar In English grammar, a modifier is a  word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to provide additional information about another word or word group (called the head). A modifier is also known as an adjunct. As illustrated below, modifiers in English include adjectives, adverbs, demonstratives, possessive determiners, prepositional phrases, degree modifiers, and intensifiers.   Modifiers that appear before the head are called premodifiers, while modifiers that appear after the head are called postmodifiers. Modifiers may be either restrictive (essential to the meaning of a sentence) or nonrestrictive (additional but not essential elements in a sentence). Examples of Different Modifier Usage Too many grammar terms in a row? Lets look at some examples. Authors  Gà ¼nter Radden and Renà © Dirven  illustrate the types with the most common ways that qualifying modifiers are used in Cognitive English Grammar. In all the examples here, the qualifiers modify the word detective and are in italics: (4a) Hercule Poirot is a  brilliant  detective.(4b)  Agatha Christies  detective Poirot is a legend all over the world.(4c) The detective  with the waxed moustache  solves the  most baffling  cases.(4d) Hercule Poirot is the  famous  detective  created by the English mystery writer Agatha Christie.(4e) Poirot is a detective  who has come to England as a war refugee.In sentence (4a), the adjective  brilliant  modifies the  predicate noun  detective.In sentence (4b), the head noun  detective  is modified by the complex  noun phrase  Agatha Christies, where the  genitive  morpheme  s  expresses the relation of possession.In sentence (4c), the noun  a detective  is modified by the  prepositional phrase  with the waxed moustache.In sentence (4d), two  nonrestrictive  modifiers are added to qualify the definite  referent  detective: the adjective  famous  and the  participial phrase  created by the English mystery-writ er Agatha Christie.In sentence (4e),  a detective  is modified by a  relative clause. Additional Examples of Modifier Types We could go further, to illustrate additional examples:   Hercule Poirot is a really good detective. The word really represents an intensifier for the adjective good. Really is an adverb, as it is modifying an adjective. Hercule Poirot is that detective. The word that is demonstrative. It distinguishes Poirot from at least one other detective. Hercule Poirot is the detective whos not wearing a deerstalker hat. The clause  is restrictive. The clause is essential to know which detective Poirot is, presumably from at least one detective who is wearing a deerstalker hat. The case was  almost  solved. The degree modifier (an adverb) shows how much of the case was solved. Instead of intensifying, degree modifiers qualify by giving the degree to which something is, like someone being fairly sure of something. Wearing a deerstalker hat, the murderer was caught by Sherlock Holmes. This clause represents a misplaced modifier  because it puts the hat on the murderers head instead of Holmes. If there were no subject of the sentence (eliminating by Sherlock Holmes), the opening phrase would be a  dangling modifier. Few detectives wear deerstalker hats. Few is a  quantifier, telling how many. Both Hercule Poirot and Sherlock homes are well-known detectives. The modifier is a  compound adjective. Source Radden, Gà ¼nter. Cognitive English Grammar. Cognitive Linguistics in Practice, Renà © Dirven, 2nd Edition, John Benjamins Publishing Company, July 5, 2007.

How important is the media in setting gender roles Essay

How important is the media in setting gender roles - Essay Example The children, youngsters and people at large are vulnerable to the portrayal and textual messages in media because they are regularly exposed to them. Scientific research reveals that in cognitive learning, the individual learns by listening, watching, touching, reading or experiencing and then processing and remembering the information. (Think Quest, 2008). Theory of cognitive learning essentially implies that through various means of learning processes, people are able to retain the information in the memory and apply it as and when required. The theory becomes highly relevant when applied to media portrayal of gender roles. The impact of those visuals and the textual contents are reflected in the behavioural pattern of the people who consciously or unconsciously adapt the messages and images in their attitude and behaviour. Thus, role of media become a critical element in setting gender roles within defined societal paradigms. Television is most influential format of media that co nsiderably impacts people’s opinion and promotes diversity of roles that are gender based (Carter, Branston and Allan, 1998). Oprah Winfrey Talk Show is an exemplary example of empowerment of women. In the male dominated society, the rise of Oprah Winfrey, an African American woman is nothing short of a miracle. She serves as the most influential role model for millions of women across the world who has triumphed over social and racial prejudices to emerge as a symbol of woman power. Oprah Winfrey symbolizes empowerment a woman, who has risen above gender and race. Indeed, television has greatly facilitated in promoting empowerment of women as one of the most crucial issues for the wider... This essay "How important is the media in setting gender roles?" outlines how different forms of media portrays both gender and their gender roles. The general image of women has also got a great boost from the media. The news channels, showcasing the pertinent women issues of their empowerment and equal representation in national politics have had huge positive impact on the perception and opinion of general public. It plays a prominent role in the portrayal of women, especially those above fifty years of age. But it can also be said that though women may share almost equal platform on visual media as TV anchors, newsreaders, in general, they have not been given the space and the importance that they deserve. Celebrity status and glamour seem to be the important factor for projecting them in media. Looking at the increasing number of TV soaps and mainstream cinema, one discovers that the appeal for women protagonists invariably decrease with age! There are fewer films and prime time soaps with matured female artistes as main characters. Whereas their counterparts seem to have a new lease of life after fifty years of age! Sean Connery (The Rock, Finding Forester etc.), Richard Gere’ (Chicago, Flock etc.) are few actors who are able to get main lead in cinema, while in their 50s and 60s. Gender bias seems to dominate all areas of media, including news media which is highly retrogressing and demoralising for women professionals. Then again, literature has also a unique way in perpetuating new ideologies and values within the transforming societies.

Media Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Relations - Essay Example Banks have to target the young generation via such social sites. The success of any business lies under one core fundamental factor: being available where the target clients are. It has not been different for Barclays, which boasts of its great success and a huge number of clients in United Kingdom. The bank has been at the forefront in close relation with media, ensuring that it utilizes social media to reach out to its loyal customer base and tap its potential. Depending on its diverse departments, Barclays has a number of Twitter accounts all branded differently. They are quite active, with the most active being @ BarclaysFooty, an account linked to the sponsored Barclays Premier League. The site has over 159, 000 followers, which is a huge number for a bank twitter account. Most of the times, the posts are often related to football updates and other competitions with the intentions of targeting the football fans. Barclay’s wealth and investment team also have a twitter account labelled @Barclayswealth, which has over 73,000 followers. It does posts financial investment updates and other banking services offered. The customers’ service twitter account is nabbed @BarclaysOnline, having over 48,000 users. It does receive the highest number of interaction with its clients. Its website does grant its clients the link to accessing twitter. During its working hours, the twitter services and responses are quite fast and timely. All potential queries responses are dealt with from Monday to Friday, between 8am to 8pm. The clients have reported satisfaction with the social systems, with the support team responding to a good number of queries, an element that does improve their customer care and public relations with the clients (barclays.co.uk). With over half a million likes, Barclays Facebook wall has maintained a constant service to its clients, similarly to its Twitter account. It does engage its clients all through the whole day, answering all

Sales Promotion Girl in Indonesia

Sales Promotion Girl in Indonesia Sales Promotion Girl in Indonesia Sales promotion girl is basically a girl who is promoting or selling something. She is one of the marketing parts of a company to promote their product to the customer. In Indonesia, the term sales promotion girl has arrived to a certain and unique connotation which is considered negative. Sales promotion girl in Indonesia is identical with young girls wearing sexy outfit seducing people to buy something. They are usually high school or university student -young and attractive essentially stealing all the glances from people around them. It is a bit hard to find the most correct definition of sales promotion girl. There is no such entry in the dictionary and when you typed it in the internet, mostly will give you a false answer, just a cheap site writing sales promotion girl to make people click on that site. There is no information contained there, just ads. They want to increase their click to get money from the internet business. This is some the result I get from Wikipedia (English) when I entered the keyword of sales promotion girl.  · Tell Me Why (Spice Girls song) Tell Me Why is a song by the Spice Girls , which was scheduled as the second However due to poor sales of Forever, the single was later 5 KB (623 words) 22:03, 25 November 2009  · Forever (Spice Girls album) (section Promotion) Forever is the third studio album by English pop group the Spice Girls , drop in sales compared to because of lack of promotion especially 13 KB (1,459 words) 21:55, 25 November 2009  · Sentimental Graffiti which spurred a large media sales campaign designed to widen the A unit entitled SG girls was formed and numerous events and concert 10 KB (1,487 words) 07:47, 25 March 2009  · Step to Me Kingdom running alongside sales promotion activities, notably one by where them off and received the free Spice Girls CD single Step to Me 2 KB (259 words) 04:30, 16 November 2009  · Giants and Toys candy company to compete with the rival Giant and Apollo companies over caramel sales. tomboy girl with bad center of their promotional campaign 2 KB (303 words) 04:59, 18 November 2009  · Purple Haze (album) to the lack of promotion Camron asked to be released from the label. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA with sales of over half a 7 KB (981 words) 03:59, 24 November 2009  · Boys Like Girls Boys Like Girls is an American rock band from Boston , Massachusetts , who gained promotional front page first week of sales, thus 22 KB (3,033 words) 22:51, 25 November 2009 (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearchsearch=sales+promotion+girlgo=Go) I wonder why there is no entry for sales promotion girl in Wikipedia. Is it because people outside Indonesia did not use that term? I found that it is very hard to find a relevant article to support my research. Most of them is just those cheap ads site or the porn site which including sales promotion girl as their tag. Sales promotion girl is something which could not be separated from the company chain of supply. Sales promotion girl is the one who is facing the customer personally. There are sales promotion girl which are organic and non organic. Organic means that those sales promotion girl are the real employee of the company which are in charge in promotion of the goods made by the company. Non organic means that the sales promotion girl is only a temporary workforce which is hired with a limited time contract. The sales promotion girl could come from their individual or from the agency which provide at ready to use sales promotion girl stock. There are even sales promotion girls which comes from an outsourcing company. Nowadays, there is also security, telephone operator or cleaning service which comes from those company. The existence of the sales promotion girl in a promotion event such as mobile road trip or stand exhibition is useful in attracting the customer. The prospective customer will firstly look at the physical appearance of the sales promotion girl, if they think that she is attractive, they might want to come to the stand, receiving some brochure given by them, trying the product, etc. On the contrary, there is some company which do not feel that the existence of the sales promotion girl is important, especially the non organic one. This is due to the sales promotion girl which are non organic usually do not have a good competencies for the product which they are going to sell. They do not have time to learn about the product knowledge usually because the sales promotion girl is usually accepting a sudden job. There are also some sales promotion girl which care nothing with their product knowledge. They just think that they must attract the customer with their physical appearance and just giving the customer a brochure and explain the product just in brief. They just think how to end their shift and get the money for that day. Unlike the organic sales promotion girl who is more adept at the product knowledge because she is a part of the company. However, not every non organic sales promotion girl is like that. There are also non organic sales promotion girl who are trying to learn the product knowledge deeply. They are positioning themselves just like the common customer who will always want to know the detail of the product. They could even be a professional sales promotion girl who buy the product which they are going to sell so that they could understand what the customer will feel after buying the product. Sales promotion girl must master the product which they are going to sell. She must know what their competitor do. For example, a sales promotion girl of Kartu Halo must understand the product knowledge of Kartu Halo and understand all of the other postpaid services such as Xplor from Excelcomindo Pratama and Matrix from Indosat, and vice versa. Thats why the company and the sales promotion girl will need CAD (Competitor Activity Data). After the sales promotion girl has master more product knowledge and the competitors, this sales promotion girl will be a qualified sales promotion girl. There is not uncommon for this type of non organic sales promotion girl could enter the high position of the company and get an important position at the company which she used to joined partially. There are public known that the â€Å"requirements† to be listed as one the sales promotion girl come mostly from their physical appearance. They should be tall, white, pretty, and willing to use a sexy uniform which in fact, has no relation to the product they are selling. Sometimes, they are also selling things which have no correlation to a woman. Well, sometimes, another requirement such as the fluency in English or other language is necessary, but it is not mandatory. The most popular field in this sales promotion girl business is in the cigarette and automobile industry. Could you imagine a sexy lady coming to you and asking whether you are smoking or not? She is bringing a pack of cigarette with a short skirt and tight blouse which hardly covers her underwear. Most people-usually the male would say YES even if they are actually not smoking. They are just doing it to keep the conversation, to make her keep talking to them. Then, she will promote her product-cigarette in this case, explaining its taste, the sensation and the brand, which will not even reach their brain which are now occupied as their testosterone production increasing. â€Å"The hell with the cigarette.† Maybe it is what they are thinking in that situation. Then, she will give you a free sample of cigarette. You smoke it and hope that you will look cool to her. Then you will buy two packs of the cigarettes to impress her, she will say thank you, and left you with two packs of cigarettes which you wont even smoke! Another case of the sales promotion girl is in the automobile industry. There is usually a car exhibition in the center of the shopping mall. There are a lot of new cars showed which are usually â€Å"guarded† by sexy ladies who will gives you a brochure of that car. Both the girls and the cars will likely take all of the male species attention. Nobody could resist the temptation to peek a glance on the masterpiece work of human and god Himself. The business is using the ultimate creation of God to sell the ultimate creation of mankind. From the logical point of view, the practice of this sales promotion girl is belittling woman. It makes people questioning whether the business is utilizing the woman to sell their product or they are selling the woman instead. Well, they are not really selling the woman, but they are selling them literally. They are dressing her, exposing her in order to get peoples attention and eventually buy their product. It makes people think that Indonesias woman is available for sale. Essentially, the duty of a salesperson is to attract the prospective customer, promoting his/her product, and then persuade them to buy the product. But as time goes by, customers need something which is more attractive to make them turn their attention to something. They are tired of the sale announcement, free product, or special offer with small star written terms and condition apply. They need something more straightforward. Something which they could instantly obtained without having to do some requirement. The sales promotion girl is the answer to all of this demand. You want to see her? Just go ahead. You could look at her from the distance. You dont need to buy a product to look at her. It will cost you nothing to see those amazing figure. Its all for FREE!! Sales promotion girl is always being the frontal line of a sale, especially in launching of a new product. In promoting their product, sales promotion girl must have 4 skills in: 1. See A customer of course want to see the product which he is going to but first before he finally decided to buy the product. It means that the product must be attractive to them. That includes the people who are selling those products. The sales promotion girl should be attractive in order to make the customer see their product. 2. Touch After the customer is attracted to the product, this is the time for the sales promotion girl to â€Å"touch† the customer needs and wants to provoke them to buy the product. This is the chance for the sales promotion girl to allow the customer to look closely or even try the product which they are going to buy. 3. Feel Different After the customer coming to the stand, trying the product, the sales promotion girl should give them detail explanation about the product. What makes them different from other product? What is something special about those things? Will it be beneficial for the customer? 4. Buy Finally, it is time for the closing sales. Physical attraction power combined with fluency in communicating between the sales promotion girl and the customer will finally lead to the decision of the customer to buy the product. That is the reason why most people using the sales promotion girl rather than sales promotion boy. Nowadays, some people also feel empty when there is no sales promotion girl on an exhibition. It can be said that in an exhibition it is not only the product which the customer are looking for. It is also the sales promotion girl which is now an important part for the show. The spark of the sales promotion girl world in big events has attract many young girls with beautiful body to do this job which give quite good income. Many of the sales promotion girl are actually trying for the first time but then they got addicted to it. Maybe it is because of the money of the junior and the senior sales promotion girl are the same, or maybe it is because the work area which do not absorb too many brain of physical power. There is usually no specific test to be a sales promotion girl. Theres usually not even a single test held. Just submit your photo, identity, and interview (which sometimes is not conducted) and you are officially worked as a sales promotion girl. Psycho test, which are usually held before hiring someone, is used to : 1. Make objective decision. Psycho test will be supported by standardized test utensils which could increase the objectivity of the decision. By doing so, the decision to accept or reject a new employee will be based on the strong objective reason. 2. Validity of the test utensils. Psychology test is developed by scientific method so that the interpretation of the test is accurate and reliable to predict the prospective employee psychological. If this method is combined with the interview, it could accurately predict the performance of the prospective employee. 3. Reduce the cost of wrong recruiting A mistake in recruiting a wrong employee is very costly for the company, in example in the training fee or the advertising fee. Its not even included the energy and time used to the recruitment process. A psycho test could reduce those cost and they are relatively cheaper compared to the cost spent if the employee chosen is not competent. A psycho test also ensures a high chemistry between the prospective employee and the employer. But, there is also some exception to this psycho test. There is some case which the psycho test is not needed. The reasons are: 1. They nature of the job. There is some company which uses employee only for temporarily only, for example for data entry. If the entry job is done, than the job is done. The company did not need to use that employee again. For this type of job, psycho test is not effective because the employee wont be in the company for a long time. However, there is also some exception for this reason, for example if the employee, even temporarily working at the company, is having an important job. In that case, the occurrence of a psycho test is a must. 2. The responsibility of the job. An employee at a managerial level or the position which has a high effect to the company will be better to use a psycho test. There are a lot of money and cost allocated to those people and if the company chooses the wrong people, the cost could be multiplied. 3. Long term career development. If the job and the position has a possibility of a career development, it will be better to use a psycho test so that the company could get an employee which is really fit between the job and the characteristic of the individual psychological. 4. The cost of the test. Many company which have a big cost budget for the recruitment process so that they are doing the test for every position. However, there are also some company which does not have it. Due to that, it is necessary to find out the need of psychological test which is fit with the position which needs to be filled. Do not find a senior manager with a bad psychological test which is not accurate. 5. The availability of the prospective employee in the market. There is time in a specific job where the prospective employee is very high, making it easier to find the replacement immediately. In the other hand, there are also certain position which the candidate is very scarce and very hard to be found. For this type of position, it will be better if the company uses the psycho test because that kind of job usually needed some specific psychological requirement, or those people on the market who has specific personality. For this type of job, the company will need to make an accurate decision, which could be obtained by using this psycho test. So, by considering those factors, it is clear why sometimes sales promotion girl recruitment uses no psycho test. Maybe the job of the sales promotion girl is just a temporary job, or there is no career path for the sales promotion girl. It could also be possible that the company has no budget to conduct a psycho test for the sales promotion girl or maybe there are so many sales promotion girl availability in the market which makes the company think that there is no use to conduct the psycho test. (http://www.portalhr.com/klinikhr/strategis/4id1252.html) translated Being a sales promotion girl is not a very hard job. Due to by the fun got while working, sales promotion girl sometimes feel comfortable in doing her job. Sometimes being a sales promotion girl could even bring some other fun outside their work life. Creating a new relation and having an easy access to enter a nightclub really lead them to the hedonism lifestyle. All of this are mostly a result of trying or following a friend. There is even some of the sales promotion girl which leave their education; in high school or university. They do that because they feel comfortable in being a sales promotion girl. They are addicted to the sales promotion girl job. Their life has become a public concern, especially for a rich male who is looking for some sexual replenishment, which could increase their income. There is a new slang in the sales promotion girl world called SPG BISPAK which stands for SPG bisa dipakai (could be used). It means that the sales promotion girl could be booked anytime. With a sum of money they are willing to sleep together. Well, not every sales promotion girl are bispak, but that kind of sales promotion girl has really contaminated the job of the sales promotion girl. Those sales promotion girls who feel that they are not bispak should handle the peer pressure of the other people. Actually those sales promotion girls who are bispak is actually coming from those good girl who are just trying or invited by their friends. To know which kind of sales promotion girl are you encountering to is not easy. Even if they are seducing and naughty, that dont straightly means that they are the bispak. The personal approach is the best way to get more service from the sales promotion girl. The reason why many people prefer to have sex with a sales promotion girl is that they are different from the prostitute which are selling themselves in the street. Sex, is not their main business, so that people think that they are fresher and tighter compared to other prostitute. They do not do sex every day, just sometimes perhaps. Having sex with a sales promotion girl has less risk either. From the health, because they do not have sex as much as the prostitute, they have smaller chance to infect the sexually transmitted disease. Of course, that benefit should be covered by a lot of money. There are also some of this sales promotion girl who have dedicated themselves to be wanita simpanan (2nd wife) for certain people. It could be a rich businessmen or ministers. They are facilitated by them in return of the sexual replenishment given by the sales promotion girl. They are given an apartment to live, a car to use, or even with a driver. All that they need to do is just to keep this a secret, wait for a call from her man, and give them the best service that they could. To ameliorate the term sales promotion girl, some company changes it into Female Presenter. There is no difference in the profession, with the same payment, same rules, same job description. Too bad that even the name has been changed, but the impression made by them is stay the same. They are a young, good looking lady who is seducing man to buy their product. All of this sales promotion girl features cannot be changed by sales promotion boy. There is a funny example from inspirasipakde.com. Two pictures comparing sales promotion boys and sales promotion girls. Even if they are taking the same pose, It just doesnt make it. From my point of view, maybe because I am a male, Id rather choose the girl ads, and I do not want to see those boys posing in front of the car. It is just disgusting. But there is not only good story exist in the sales promotion girl world. There is also a funny story. When Anlene, a milk product was launching their product for the first time and the company didnt have enough fund to accommodate their transportation, the sales promotion girls are the one who became the victim. They should sit in the truck to be able to promote their product to the consumers. They do this so that the sales promotion girl could give personal approach to every consumers. Nowadays, as Anlene has grown into a big company, they are still using their sales promotion girl forces to keep their position in the market. We could easily spotted Anlene sales promotion girl in Carrefour or giant. Of course, they are not using the truck to get there now. In Indonesia, it must be tough For the sales promotion girl herself to keep hanging on this job. Not because of the income. A sales promotion girl is well paid in terms of salary. In 2009, a sales promotion girl could get Rp 300,000,00 per day for a full day work at a big event such as international expo, not including the commission obtained from the sale they made. The burden mostly comes from other people view of her. Maybe the people who pass by will think that she is a cheap woman, selling herself in the public or doing something haram for the Muslims by showing her body to other people. But those burdens would not equal to the negative view given by people near her; her family, her friends, or her boyfriends. What if they think that she is such a shaming girl? What if they refuse to call her as a sister, or daughter, or mother? The money she get will be worthless compared to all of this burden. There will always be a battle in a sales promotion girls heart. I wonder if she asks herself everyday whether what she is doing is a right thing. Infogue, Indonesian social portal, used to interview a sales promotion girl named Nina. She is a university student who works as a sales promotion girl to pay her tuition fee. At the time being, she is working at Indonesia International Motor Show (IIMS) 2008. She is a new girl in this industry, who has only just 1 year experience, but has been hired by many company. She starts this job by being a sales promotion girl for a cigarette, cell phone and automobile company. She said that from job, she could know a lot of people characteristic and feel more independent. She could now pay her own tuition fee for her bachelor degree. She admitted that she got different salary from each company, but the highest salary comes from cell phone company which could pay her Rp 300,000,00 per day. From 10 days of exhibition, she was usually hired for 8 or 9 days. In a month, Nina said that she could get 2 or 3 job. Could you imagine how big it is? Nina also said that being an automobile sales promotion girl is really tough because she need to have a lot of product knowledge. The customers are likely to ask a question and sometimes she could not answer those questions. Since she could get a lot of money from this job, she never thinks to work in the office. Moreover, her parents support her in doing her job. Once she heard her friend who was working in the offices story. She thought that the office job was so boring, just sitting inside the room and not getting as much salary as she get. She prefers to meet people just like what she does in this job(endel, infogue) Another story of from the sales promotion girls side of view is the story of Dewi. She is a 19 year old girl, who is working as a sales promotion girl in Arena Pekan Raya Jakarta at Kemayoran, Central Jakarta. When she is interviewed by Kompas, she is wearing short red skirt and a tight blouse with a hat and ponytail. She is working at a Japanese motorcycle company. Her job is to accompany the potential buyer and explain everything related to the product which they want to buy. That day, Dewi could sell 2 motorcycle after she clearly describe the products advantage. Dewi is not ashamed to work as a sales promotion girl. She uses everything she has such as her attractive face, nice body figure, and her talking ability. At 2007, Dewi was paid Rp. 100,000,00/day. That number, of course, does not include the bonus received if she is able to make a sale. At that time, she was aiming to get 5 million from the Pekan Raya Jakarta event. Unfortunately, not every sales promotion girl is paid as high as Dewi does. The sales promotion girl in furniture is only paid Rp 20,000,00 up to Rp 50,000,00 per day excluding the commission for the sales made. Too bad that those girls do not get as much fortune as Dewi do. Compared to the motorcycle product, the furniture product is not attractive to the customer. There is another girl named Fitri. She is not actually a girl now. She is a mother of 1 child. She tells her boss that she is still single and has no children to be accepted as a sales promotion girl. She does this to get some money and hopefully a big bonus to increase her income. (Adi Kurniawan, kompas cyber media) Do you know DJARUM Cigarette? That product is made in Indonesia and has been imported abroad. It is very popular outside of Indonesia, it even has its own ads on the penthouse magazine. Too bad that Djarum promote their product by using those sexy sales promotion girl with nearly no clothing attached to them. The writer of the article ask whether we should be proud by this achievement or not. (Djarum Ads) (Djarum Sales promotion girl) It could be concluded that Indonesia is a hypocrite country from this issues. The country which is well known as one of the biggest Muslims country in the world is in fact, allowing such thing to occur. While the house of representative is proposing an anti-pornography constitution, the capital of the country is displaying semi-pornography show. The capital of the country-Jakarta, which is recently rated as the 2nd worst city in the world, the symbol of hedonism and materialism is totally contradicting the constitution. There even used to be a case of Yahya Zaini, a minister of religion is taped having sex with a dangdut singer. It really show how hypocritical we are. If you typed the word sales promotion girl in google, the first entry of the page will be those sales promotion girl related to sex. Sales promotion girl video, pictures, sex tape, everything about the negative one. If you type the word sales promotion girl and search for its picture, you will see mostly are pornographic photo of them. Better keep your parental control on if you are with your children. There is a site in the internet named www.spgindonesia.com. They are a company which provide a sales promotion girl or boy service. Here are the information on the homepage. Welcomes to www.spgindonesia.com www.spgindonesia.com is Event Organizer initial from supply area services of Stand Guide (SPG/SPB) and the conspecific. Since established in 2004 until now we have more than 1000 smart friendly crews professionals which become the main capital in promoting a product during event take places. This website also can be the place to meets the exhibitor/ owner and the Stand Guide (SPG/SPB). Exhibitor from industrial circle, company and even from agent or distributor. www.spgindonesia.com will be help you for the event like :Presentation, launching product, soft/grand opening, photo session, gathering, TV program, TV Commercial, video clip, celebration, conferences, meeting, seminar, fashion show, exhibition and other event.As easy as click the mouse, the picture of our crew and their personal datas can bee seen in this sites. Even the service request of the crew can be recruited on line. Come from the service feeder of stand guide, this sites also provid es : model of advertisement print ad and also audio visual, usherette at opening event, bridesmaid at event of wedding ceremony, musician, disk jockey, comedian, announcer, master of ceremony, presenter, singer, dancer nor becomes mannequin, catwalk model and actress. For institution, company and also individual who is requiring employee( formal/temporary officer), like :Liaison officer, secretary, operator, receptionist, marketing, executive and other, we will provide as according to criterion characteristic required.In the advances, we also provides package event of celebration ( music group, singer, DJ, dancer, comedy, MC and other) tidy with theme based on the request; of the event organizer. (http://www.spgindonesia.com/home.asp) At this site, the customer could use a sales promotion girl to be : Hormein24 Stand guide Presenter Singer Interpreter Usher Master of Ceremony Dancer City Guides Print ad model Cinema casting Liaison office Musician Audio visual model Catwalk Escort/companion DJ Hormein24 In certain event such as: Hormein24 Exhibition Cinema casting Wedding ceremony Music concert Entertainment Shooting Product launching Photo session Sports event Seminar Fashion show Tour Hormein24 We could see that this site is really providing competent sales promotion girl in many different type of event. If only every sales promotion girl could follow this good example, the negative image of a sales promotion girl could perish. From the request tab of www.spgindonesia.com, we could see that all we need to do to use one of their crew services is by just simply sending the client identity, interested in using their service as, for what event, the date, time, and place of the event, and the client could even choose the crew which they want to use. There are a picture for every crew in www.spgindonesia.com. The client just need to tick the sales promotion girl which they want from the total 55 crew of www.spgindonesia.com. This practice looks like we are choosing the girls which we want to use in the massage center. There are also other sales promotion girl agency which opens their recruitment at the internet. They are also offering their service through the internet. This is the result I find when I type the keyword sales promotion girl agency in google  · Hiburan Model Indonesia 29 Apr 2009 Bursa lowongan kerja Sales Promotions Girl/Stand Guide. Elok Agency Agensi SPG (sales promotion girl). Jakarta. Kamis, 21-Agustus-2008, www.endonesia.com/mod.php?mod=katalogop46 Tembolok Mirip  · Model Indonesia Network Foto Model Agency Photo Model model agency management artis fashion model indonesia foto model indonesia models indonesia Sales Promotion Girl (SPG)  · Calon Model Wanita model-indonesia.net/ Tembolok Mirip  · spg Foto Model Agency Photo Model Indonesia | Cari Artis model agency management artis fashion model indonesia foto model Lowongan Kerja SPG SEPATU CV BINA CIPTA MANDIRI di Sidoarjo November 2009. model-indonesia.net/spg.html Tembolok Mirip  · Doeta Agency, SPG agency, SPG event, Usher, Umbrella girl, Caddie 13 Nov 2009 Doeta Agency, SPG agency, SPG event, Usher, Umbrella girl, Caddie | Architect Contractor Forums : Architect Property Club | Ad | 88DB id.88db.com/id//Property_Agent_Developer_Community/? Tembolok  · Kerjasama Dancer , sexy dancer , SPG (sales promotion girl 30 Jun 2008 FAMOUS AGENCY adalah pe

Compare the ways in which crime is presented in Moll Flanders and Roxana?

The eponymous titles Roxana and Moll Flanders, are two of a collection of novels written by Daniel Defoe. Coleridge described these novels as one of ‘the few great novels, which we can call indisputably great'1. This ‘greatness' that Coleridge speaks of is displayed through the way Defoe presents crime in these novels. He explores the lives of women in the early 18th century and how crime was often a woman's key to survival. The novels are set and centred in different locations in the world of the 1720's. The geographical settings and mobility of the characters expresses their personal ambition to be known, respected and to have the finer things in life. First and foremost, before looking into the criminal lives Moll Flanders and Roxana both led, their reasons for engaging into crime have to be considered. Moll was born into poverty, and ironically she was ‘born into a jail cell' in Newgate prison. From this it seems as though Moll was born a criminal and a criminal career was destined for her. She is a street educated woman that thrived upon crime to escape the jagged teeth of poverty and also to live a lavish life. On the contrary Roxana is a well-educated and well-bred woman, however her life of crime begins when she is abandoned by her husband, who has also left her with a handful of children to care for. With the encouragement from her accomplice Amy, can it be argued that Roxana turns from a virtuous woman to an immoral whore? Well, firstly Roxana does sleep with numerous men, without marrying them, which was immoral in an 18th century society and Roxana's sexual behaviour may have been labelled as whoring, because she slept with men and receives payments in the form of fine clothes and ornaments and expensive jewellery. However Roxana does fall in love with every man she sleeps with, so she shouldn't be really referred as a whore. For example in the novel, Roxana admits she fell in love with her landlord ‘I grew to love him'; Roxana loves her landlord besides the comfortable lifestyle she lives. Roxana does commit adultery to an extent, her act as been described as a state of ‘innocent adultery'2: their liaison is as respectable as any marriage, supported as it is by affection and respect, and even by legal settlement. In an contemporary society Roxana's act wouldn't be describe as whoring or prostitution, and adultery wouldn't be a crime in the ‘eyes' of the English law. Also whoring or prostitution is based upon a direct exchange of money for sexual pleasure, no emotions, liking, or loving or relationships are supposed to be formed, whereas Roxana falls in love. Defoe sympathizes with woman in these times, as they were powerless in terms of marriage. Women were condemned if they had children, without being married and more to the point women were neglected and not protected by the government. Therefore it can be argued that women were more likely to engage in criminal activities as a way of escaping poverty, and to an extent improve their quality of living. However women were less likely to commit crime as there movements were isolated especially if they were married they were the property of their husbands they were to do domestic duties and had little time to explore the outdoors. However Moll and Roxana do not have these constraints. It could be inferred Defoe aims to make his two protagonists heroic figures as they manage to succeed against the odds, they're renegades that reject the norms and values of society and do not conform with stereotypical female roles, such as domestic duties, instead they distance themselves from the morals of society and beautify their lives by either using men or stealing valuable objects to fulfil their needs. The novels are written in an autobiographical format, where the protagonist gives a chronological sequence of events in their life. This presentation is highly effective; firstly it is continuous throughout both novels, more importantly a contemporary reader can easily engage with the novels as the lives of Roxana and Moll are often presented like a soap opera. In Roxana the protagonist notices her first husband in a dinner party she tries her best to conceal herself. If she were caught she would have faced public humiliation or possibly death- ‘He had just brushed against me, but didn't notice me'. The close encounter causes tension and the word ‘brush' expresses the danger of the situation. Roxana is an adulteress as; she is sexually involved with the Prince of France while still being legally married. In Moll Flanders, Moll steals a lady's gold watch, Moll is almost caught but she is not suspected of taking the watch. These soap opera like episodes create intimacy between the protagonist and the reader and they have a continuing appeal to a contemporary reader, as they cause excitement, tension and suspense, this again may support Coleridge's statement that these novels are ‘indisputably great'. In both novels, ‘Roxana and Moll Flanders look back on their life of sinfulness and opportunism. It is a life that they must both embrace; it is made them who they are'. However Defoe does make his presences felt in the novels where he expresses his own views towards issues such as marriage; Defoe used the term ‘Matrimonial Whoredom'3 to describe women who married men only for financial gain. From this we are given an insight of the character of Defoe through his protagonists. It can be argued that temptation is without a doubt the reason for Moll and Roxana indulging in crime. There temptations are centred on economic needs and a craving for social status. For example Roxana, with Amy's influence prostitutes herself to her landlord. In the novel Amy says to Roxana in one occasion ‘Dear madam says Amy if I will starve for your sake, I will be a whore'. Here the language is persuasive as Amy's use of reverse psychology persuades and makes Roxana feel guilty. Roxana is clearly tempted because if she gives up her chastity she could restore the comfortable life she once lived. Although Roxana eventually gives in, she still appears to have a little self-respect; this is evident where she says ‘A woman ought rather to die, than to prostitute herself' the tone of language is very bold and convincing that it may contradict my initial argument that Roxana is an immoral whore. However Roxana opposes her own statement as she lets temptation get the better of her. On the other hand Moll excuses herself for her crimes: ‘The silver tankard calls out to her'. A silver tankard would be a large drinking vessel made out of what would have been expensive metal, silver. Metaphorically it expresses pleasure and wealth, the ‘silver tankard' is a vivid use of pathetic fallacy, and it is as though the silver tankard is a person that tempted Moll to committing crimes in order to live well. Moll admits she became ‘more confounded with money', which could give an early indication that her love for money would ultimately lead her to her desperation and further temptations to commit crimes. This in fact is what happens to Moll, in one part of the novel she is in the position where she is so desperate, she contemplates killing a child, This is a turning point as Defoe reveals a dark side of Moll , the reader sees Moll in previous encounters as a thief and whore but contemplating murder shocks the modern day reader. Episodes such as this are intriguing and have continuing appeal because not only does Moll reveal a dark side the reader can easily sympathies with the villain rather than the victim, the phrase ‘the dreadful necessity of circumstances is the cause', express this, the word ‘dreadful' is emotive as the reader pity's Moll's well being, The ‘circumstances' Moll speaks of, are due to many factors such as the absences of any parental figures for example, since her mother is a criminal, the reader may not be surprised that Moll takes a criminal path for her career. In sociological terms a poor level of cultural reproduction, could explain why Moll follows her mothers footsteps. Crime is presented with the association of the devil's works. Firstly it has to be considered that crime in the 18th century was often seen either as the work or the influence of the devil, considering at this period people tended to be very superstitious. In Moll Flanders, Moll believes the crimes she commits are caused by the devil- ‘She had enough to work on but the devil sends her out unto the streets'. This use of imagery is effective because Moll personifies the devil as a person who forcefully dragged her onto the street to steal. Moll also refers to herself as a ‘busy devil'. The language used here is unusual as the word busy often refers to hard work or a dedication to work, whereas the word devil contradicts the word busy, as the devil is associated with evil or negative works, which causes an overall effect of irony. In Roxana, Roxana prostitutes Amy to her landlord; after Roxana realizes that what she did was immoral and indeed a sin she says she is the ‘instrument of the devil's works'. This has a continuing appeal because the reader shocked that Roxana, supposedly a woman of virtue forces Amy, her closest friend, and ‘pimps' her to her landlord. It questionable whether Roxana has an ounce of integrity in left her. Although she admits she was the instrument of the ‘devils works' one still has to be amazed at what people will do just to fulfil their own selfish needs. This is similar in Volpone by Ben Jonson, where the character of Corvino forgets all virtue and decided to pimp his own wife. However can it be argued that Moll and Roxana use notion of the ‘devil' as a way to elevate the blame that they feel is already upon them. Also the actual meaning of the devil has to put into consideration. In the period in which Defoe lived, the devil was often described as a hideous creature with horns and jagged teeth. However in the novels Roxana and Moll Flanders, could the devil represent the poverty that eats away in their society, which ultimately leads them to committing crime? Social pressures and personal circumstances is another way crime is presented. Defoe presents his whores as ordinary people who are normal products of their environment, victims of circumstances which anyone might have experienced. For Roxana the absences of her husband, who left her with the responsibility of caring for five children, leaves Roxana in a difficult situation, so whoring herself at first to her landlord seemed to be the only option for survival as she was on the verge of absolute poverty. In the early stages of the novel Amy presents a strong argument to Roxana. Roxana begins by saying to Amy ‘What consent to lye with him for bread? ‘ Amy replies ‘It would not be lawful for anything else but for bread, Madam, why nobody can starve'. The word ‘lawful' is interesting it may suggest that Roxana somehow has the right to sell her own body in order to survive, or maybe Amy is being ironic as prostitition was against the law. Again Amy's persuasive use of language leaves Roxana, completely convinced – ‘If he should give me an estate to live on, he should lye with me. Roxana thinks about the situation logically and rationally and decides to give up her chastity. It is upsetting that for woman in these times their, bodies were almost the only thing they could offer to a man in return for a stable standard of living, so one has to sympathies with Roxana due to the difficult situation she is in. The reader shouldn't look at her negatively especially when individuals such as Amy point out to her ‘why nobody can starve'. However the reader may view Roxana negatively in certain parts of the novel. For example after the brutal death of her lover, her landlord, Roxana attempts to sell the jewels that he had left with her, one has to question her integrity, but it shows the lengths that people would go to maintain the material goods they possess. Although Roxana is an intelligent woman, and arguably she was more than capable to improve her lifestyle by using legal means, Defoe expresses that women were at a disadvantage in terms of earning a decent living; Moll Flanders quotes ‘The market is against our sex'. Here Defoe expresses his feelings through Moll Flanders, as he was interested in women's oppression, as he believed that women were oppressed, especially in marriage. Roxana refuses to marry the Dutch Merchant on various occasions, as she believed women were at a disadvantage as marriage was more of a patriarchal institution. Like Roxana, Moll Flanders is a victim of society and circumstantial issue. Moll was born into poverty. From an early age, Moll is socially aware of her low status but she refers to herself as a ‘Gentlewoman', which expresses her ambitions to have the fine things in life and to be accepted by society. Here it could be argued that Moll wants the desired social status that Roxana also achieves. Moll Flanders, like Rastigmac and Julien Soreal, is a characteristic product of modern individualism in assuming that she owes it to herself to achieve the highest economic and social rewards and in using every available method to carry out her resolve. Even Moll admits that ‘the dreadful necessity of circumstances is cause', referring to the poverty she lives in is the cause of her thieving; Moll says in her defense ‘ give me poverty lest I steal'. In one occasion Moll begins sewing lace for a particular wealthy woman, however Moll is still relatively poor. The rich woman has two brothers that Moll acquaints herself with; she prostitutes herself to two of them. They both spoil her excessively with fine clothes and ornaments, she says in one occasion; ‘He had furnished me very sufficiently with money for extraordinary express of my lying in I had everything'. One may look down upon Moll as a whore, however ones has to consider she is not educated like Roxana and her ambition to be a ‘gentlewoman' is still at large, so it is either she took this opportunity or not, but Moll admits ‘she had enough to live on' however she still has the urge to commit crimes. To Moll's horror she commits another crime, she later finds out that the two brothers she sleeps with are too her own brothers. This has a continuing appeal to a modern day reader because it I hilarious that Moll prostitutes herself to two brothers who actually are her brothers it is a bizarre experience for Moll. It is engaging for a modern day reader, as incest tends to occur when both relations are aware they are related, whereas Moll isn't aware. Moll indulges in crime not just for survival but to have the fine clothes and ornaments. Moll says ‘ I needed to dress well in order to mingle'. Defoe makes it evident in both novels that society was beginning to be more capitalist, so as times changed Roxana and Moll, too had to modernize in order to be respected and accepted by society. Moll's fine clothes and ornaments and Roxana's expensive Turkish dress are symbolise of the pressure in society to live lavishly. However both Roxana and Moll reasons for indulging in crime are not strong sociological arguments, such as we might make today: they don't ask themselves why a certain percentage of the population is destitute, they just want to make sure they are not one of them. However their determination not to be destitute shows their survival instincts. Also Defoe shows the emergence of an individualistic society where people began to develop their own norms and values and tended not to look at traditional institutions such as the church for guidance and rather they'd take matters into their own hands. The relationship between crime and identity has to be explored. For example Moll is a common slang term in these times for a woman of low repute, often the girlfriend of a professional thief, ‘Flanders' was a term to describe women in prostitution. Roaxna Turkish dress reveals her criminal identity as a courtesan. It interesting as their names are clear indications of their true identities and purposes but none of the characters realize this. In Roxana where Roxana leaves her lavish life momentarily, she takes up Quaker dressing. This way of dressing is a drastic change from her lavish gorgeous dresses, which emphasis the change from her high life and erotic encounters to a simple way of living. Roxana and Moll Flanders hide away behind their names and costumes to protect their identity, their hidden identities explain that they are afraid and do not want to face up to who they and they're afraid of how people will react to them like the character Robinson Crusoe. Defoe creates characters similar to how he felt about himself as he even changed his name from Foe to Defoe, which suggests that Defoe feels the struggle and can sympathise with what his protagonists go through.