Getting to Know Cagayan Essay

I. Description Cagayan is a province of the Philippines in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Tuguegarao City and is located at the northeastern corner of the island of Luzon. Cagayan also includes the Babuyan Islands to the north. The province borders Ilocos Norte and Apayao to the west, and Kalinga and Isabela to the south. Cagayan is part of one of the largest valleys in the Philippines formed by the majestic Sierra Madre and Cordillera mountain ranges. It is traversed by the mighty 330-km long Cagayan River and its various tributaries. The province could have gotten its name from the Ilocano word carayan or â€Å"big river,† referring to the Rio Grande De Cagayan, the longest river in the country, which bisects its valley from north to south. Or it could have been derived from the tagay trees (tall hardwood) that grew along the river banks. It is possible that the area was called Catagayan, meaning â€Å"where the tagay abounds.† The earliest inhabitants were the Aetas, short dark-skinned nomads belonging to the Negrito family. They were followed by Indo-Malay immigrants who came to be known as Ybanags The majority of people living in Cagayan are of Ilocano descent, mostly from migrants coming from the Ilocos Region. Originally, the more numerous group were the Ybanags, who were first sighted by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries. This is why the Ibanag language spread throughout the area prior to the arrival of Ilocanos. II. Culture, Way of Life, Values, Religion and Beliefs Cagayan is a very ancient civilization. It has its distinct, rich and diverse culture. Commerce and trade was practiced by its inhabitants and has flourished with the Japanese, Chinese and other neighbor Asian countries even before the Spanish colonizers reached its shores. The province’s agricultural production is concentrated on two areas. The Cagayan River Delta produces rice, corn, vegetables, and rootcrops. The region near the boundary with Isabela contains a number of large tobacco plantations. Agricultural products also are of peanut, beans, and fruits. Livestock products include cattle, hogs, carabaos, and poultry. Fishing various species of fish from the coastal towns is also undertaken. Woodcraft furniture made of hardwood, rattan, bamboo, and other indigenous materials are also available in the province. The mountain ranges yield good hardwoods, as well as rattan and other forest products used in cottage industries. Fishing is a major industry in the coastal areas. Its ancientness is evidenced by the presence of centuries-old churches and other religious relics, archeological sites of nomadic tribes, and richness of its local language and culture. The oldest bell in the country, cast in 1592, still peals from the tower of the church in Camalaniugan. The old brick works in Tuguegarao lie inside the city and speak of a time when bricks were extensively used to build the beautiful churches of the Cagayan. Cagayan with its ancientness is still replete with adventure and excitement. It can flaunt its pristine natural beauty and endowment. It has breathtaking sceneries, beaches, and cavernous caves, thunderous falls, rapids, rivers, limestone mountains, thick and virgin forests, verdant valleys and many more. Also, it is a land of many opportunities having one of the largest fertile alluvial plains, grazing lands and fishing grounds (both marine and inland waters) in the Philippines and a continuous and sustainable supply of production materials. Multi-lingual, warm, gentle and amiable people await you in this remaining patch of tropical paradise in Northern Philippines. III. Land and Topography The province is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the east; on the south by Isabela province; on the west by the Cordillera Mountains; and on the north by the Balintang Channel and the Babuyan Group of Islands. About two kilometers from the northeastern tip of the province is the island of Palaui; a few kilometers to the west is Fuga Island. The Babuyan Group of Islands, which includes Calayan, Dalupiri, Camiguin, and Babuyan Claro, is about 60 nautical miles (110 km) north of Luzon mainland. The province comprises an aggregate land area of 9,002.70 square kilometers, which constitutes three percent of the total land area of the country, making it the second largest province in the region. Cagayan has 28 municipalities and one city divided into three congressional districts. It has 820 barangays. Tuguegarao City (as of December 18, 1999) is the provincial capital, regional seat, and center of business, trade, and education. It has a land area of 144.80 square kilometers and a population of 120,645 as of 2000. Seasons in the province are not very pronounced. Relatively dry season occurs during the months of March to June and rainy season from July to October, although it is relatively cold during the months of November to February. IV. What did you learn for this ethnic group and its relation for cultural anthropology Due to the influx of Ilokano migrants in the last century, majority of the people of Cagayan speak Iloko as their primary tongue. Aside from the Ilokanos, there are several smaller ethnic groups that live in the province. The Ybanags are the dominant ethnic group in the vicinity of the provincial capital of Cagayan-—Tuguegarao, now a city. The closely related Itawits inhabit the Pinacanauan River valley as well as areas of Amulung and Tuao. The Malawegs are found mainly in the municipality of Rizal . In the foothills and the mountains of the Sierra Madre Range , several Negrito groups called the Agtas forage and hunt for food. The established lingua franca of the province is Ybanag. The Ybanags, Itawits and Malawegs are mainly lowland farmers whose agricultural practices are similar to those of the Ilokanos. The Ybanags used to inhabit the area along the Cagayan coast but migrated further inland. They conducted trade with neighboring areas using distinctive sea crafts, and their commercial interests made their language the medium of commerce throughout the region before the influx of Ilokano migrants. They are also excellent blacksmiths and continue to make good bolos. The Ybanags are reputed to be the tallest of all the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines The Itawits are almost indistinguishable from the Ybanags. They build their houses with separate kitchens, connected by a narrow walkway that is used as washing area for hands and feet. The Itawits are noted for their pottery and basket-weaving traditions.

Aspects of ICT

Aspects of ICT Introduction Development of computers in the modern society and associated with it computerization of education is characterized by a massive proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICT can be used for information exchange and interaction between a teacher and a pupil in the modern education system. As such, not only the teacher must master the ICT technology, but also to be an expert in applying it in his or her professional activities. â€Å"It is a technological world in which children are often more comfortable than their parents and teachers†.[1] Computerization of educational achieves two strategic objectives. First, it improves the efficiency of all types of educational activities through the use of ICT tools and technologies. Second, it improves the quality of training enhancing it with a new type of thinking which is relevant to the requirements of the information society. Using methods and means of information, future professionals must b e able to get answers as to what information resources are available, where they are, how they can be accessed and how they can be used to improve their professional activities. In our research paper we will cover the following aspects of ICT Positive and negative aspects of using information and communication technologies in general education Review the role and place of ICT in the building of the information society Review the areas of effective application of ICT tools Review methods of ICT application to address appropriate needs of the educational process, monitoring and measurement of learning outcomes, extracurricular activities and research, in primary school educational institutions Review requirements for ICT facilities Review the market of available ICT tools and products. What is ICT? Information and communication technologies (ICT) are a combination of the hardware and software designed to implement information processes through the utilization of the comp uters and network technologies. â€Å"The purpose of ICT in education is generally to familiarise students with the use and workings of computers, and related social and ethical issues†.[2] The main focus of the research however will be dedicated to the electronic means of educational purpose, which are a subset of software tools of ICT. These include application software and electronic media, specifically designed for the educational use: a system supporting the process of learning (electronic textbooks and encyclopaedias (including network), electronic laboratory etc.). There are several venues of ICT tools utilization in the education system: In general educational institutions (primary schools, high schools, etc.) In the supplementary education (instructor-led language schools, etc.) In home-based learning (extracurricular activities, etc.) To further narrow down the topic of the research the main accent will be applied to the area of general Primary school educat ion with emphasis on the general education of the primary education processes. According to Andrew A. Zucker who writes in his ‘Transforming Schools with Technology: How Smart Use of Digital Tools Helps Achieve Six Key Education Goals’ 2008, the ICT will be successful if technology is aligned with six major education goals. Those goals are to: increase student achievement make schools more engaging and relevant provide a high-quality education for all students attract, prepare, and retain high-quality teachers increase parental and community support for students outside of school require accountability for results ICT methods and techniques

International Business- Airbus versus Boeing - When is Intervention Essay

International Business- Airbus versus Boeing - When is Intervention Not Intervention - Essay Example or any public body are prohibited. Again according to Article III: 4 of GATT 1994, certain favourable taxation policies are prohibited. (PÃ ©rez A. F., January 2008). Despite SCM agreements under WTO, there have been innumerable cases of dispute of violation of these agreements (DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, January2009). All major trading & industrial countries and regions, namely US, EU, Brazil, China, India, etc have got into these imbroglios. Protectionist tendencies are evident in actions of various governments of the world, though sometimes it is done in the garb of ‘saving jobs’ or promoting ‘home grown companies’. A recent report by the World Bank specifies rising protectionist tendencies in 17 out of the 20 ‘G20’ nations. In the era of ‘Open trade’, the report mentions: These do not bode well for ‘Open Trade’, liberalization or the WTO. Economists predict that due to prevailing recession in the world economy, these tendencies would rise all across the globe & many governments might find it hard to follow the liberalized trade policies. ‘Trade without discrimination’ the general philosophy underlying WTO, is being distorted by these nations. During the 2nd world war, Boeing had received many lucrative contracts from the US Department of Defense. By the 1960s Boeing was a leading aircraft manufacturer of the world. By 1970 some European countries in order to challenge Boeing’s dominance put in ‘massive Govt. subsidies’ to form Airbus. After a period Spain & Britain joined with the founding member countries (of Airbus) France & Germany. Airbus received billions of dollars as soft loans and subsidies from these countries and also from EU. Ultimately for the first time in early 2000s, Airbus was able to surpass Boeing to become the world’s leading commercial Jet manufacturer, with greater annual sales revenue.

The Managerial Accounting Process in General Electric Inc Term Paper

The Managerial Accounting Process in General Electric Inc - Term Paper Example Planning of operations primarily involves the budgeting process. It is associated with the cost of producing a unit of product. Thereafter, the actual performance of the firm is compared along with the budgeted amounts and controlling occurs in those sectors where the difference seems to be significant (CSN, 2011). Simultaneously, along with the development of managerial accounting principles, the traditional accounting system also witnessed a rapid development. However, there are good numbers of firms which are still following the traditional accounting system. But with the increasing global competition and evolution of technologies, production oriented operations are becoming more and more complex. Firms need to do an effective evaluation of the cost that they incur for producing goods so that proper pricing of those goods can be done, which will generate sufficient revenues for the company. Precise cost information is very crucial for every aspect of the business, be it pricing po licies, product designs or performance reviews. These requirements saw the inception of activity based accounting over two decades ago and now is widely used in the US, Europe and Pacific. Similar to managerial accounting, activity-based costing not only includes the evaluation of a company from a financial perspective but also from the wholesome perspective as it includes both financial and non-financial data in its reporting (Gupta & Galloway, 2003). The following section will involve a thorough analysis of the managerial accounting process followed in General electric Inc thereby explaining the significance of Activity-based costing towards the financial performance of the company. Moreover, comments will be made as to whether the use of activity-based costing system will add to the benefits of the company or not. Thereafter, emphasis will be laid on the use of standard costing by General Electric (GE). Standard costing is basically used by companies for comparing standard cost s et by the company with the actual cost that is incurred. Hence it draws attention to the performance of the company with respect to the goal that is set by the company. The fifth part of the project enlightens the benefits of the relevant cost for the future projects of the company. It helps the management of the company to take any crucial decision regarding the acceptance of the project or take make or buy decision. Â  

Cisco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cisco - Case Study Example Secondly, he reallocated the IT budget distribution system with the intention that each functional department can control their budget according to their needs instead of gathering all the IT expenses under one head, that is, G&A expenses. Each department could fund their projects according to its priority. He dispersed a central IT leading committee and changed it with a structure which gave the line organization authority to take IT investment decisions on application projects. At network level, the customer advocacy group wanted to establish a customer interaction network which could use Cisco’s technology to route calls. Pete Solvik also established an intranet network for the employees. A web based online resource at Cisco.com was also developed for the customers. ERP system was introduced in Cisco by Pete Solvik to manage Cisco’s manufacturing process and inventories. Further up gradation to the ERP was done by Boston for integrating all the functional units of the organization. By the end of 2001, CISCO faced a turning point. CISCO’s had a decline in its sales growth. People started spending less on technological products due to the internet bubbles burst and also due to the terrorist attack of 11th September. Pete Solvik also left the company and a new CIO, Boston was appointed. The need for change in the company’s IT strategy was felt due to the dynamic business environment (The Pennsylvania State University, â€Å"Personal PSU†). The intention behind the implementation of ERP system was to standardize the information which was being used in the company. Nevertheless, as a result of the IT liberty given to the different functional areas of the business, they programmed their own non-standard functional applications to interact with the ERP system. With the amalgamation of these new modified applications onto the ERP system, it was no longer possible to

Premium Travel on the Way to Becoming a Better Serving Travel Agency Essay - 1

Premium Travel on the Way to Becoming a Better Serving Travel Agency - Essay Example Travel is an activity of leisure and Premium travel operates in this scenario. As such, provides similar services are also likely to face the problems associated with the current market. However, one of the advantages that some travel business enjoy today is the facility to book online. The cost of getting a website developed is quite simple today. As the company utilizes the services of part-time students, it is advised to hire another student proficient in web development as standard times required to develop such websites can take as little as a month to develop and deploy for customer use. Additionally, figures obtained for the years between 2002 and 2006 have shown that apart from the countries in the EU and the US, a large number of travelers preferred other destinations in Asia and Africa, with the largest among them preferring India, Egypt, and Turkey.  However, the good news is that even during times of recession, statistics from the Department of Statistics in the UK gove rnment show that the amount of spending on travel has remained relatively unhindered. This is partly because the willingness to travel among customers is not diminished to ground levels and customers instead prefer to go on shorter holidays. the added pressures that are part of the today’s corporate world do not provide young people with a lot of time to consider holidays. as such, offering shorter deals for durations between 1 to 2 weeks is also advised.  Additionally, the number of travelers going abroad on trips for the duration between 1 to 2 weeks is nearly half the trips of duration in the range of 3-4 weeks. As such, it presents a wonderful opportunity for Premium travel to consider the shorter segment as a wonderful opportunity to expand a business, which will help further in weathering the crisis.

Limited Liability in a Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Limited Liability in a Company - Essay Example The word limited indicates that the liability of members in respect of company’s debts and other liabilities is limited to amount contributed or undertaken by the member to contribute in respect of share capital of the company. Limited liability protects shareholders against any financial loss exceeding the investment4. It has been termed as the greatest single discovery of modern times, even more than steam and electricity.5 As per Ross Grantham and Charles Rickett6, there are certain economic justifications for such restriction of liabilities of a member of a limited body corporate. The limited liability reduces the shareholders’ responsibility to monitor corporate managers because the financial consequences of company failure on shareholders are limited. Corporate managers work efficiently for profit maximization because limited liability induces free share transferability that would force shareholders to withdraw funds from unprofitable ventures. Directors who run the company can take risky decisions as well as they aware that shareholders have nothing at stake.7 That is why Tony Orhnial8 states that limited liability ‘is not related to company structure but to the business’s economic risks, and is instrumental to the encouragement of entrepreneurial risk bearing and innovative attitude’. The principle of creating a limited liability company is that debts in case of failures cannot be carried back to founders9. Limited liability works as an extra non- taxable incentive for investments besides dividends and capital gains on transfers of shares that are taxable. Moreover, the attribute of ‘limited liability is quite significant when work locale, machinery, chemicals, or even artwork are potentially hazardous’10 Limited liability has helped to develop public share market.11 The primary objective of limited liability is to  encourage investment by the public in risk-taking enterprises by insulating the investing public from debts of the enterprise.